As India strives to transition towards electric mobility, one of the significant hurdles it faces is the inadequate charging infrastructure. The government has set ambitious targets for electrifying various vehicle segments, including commercial vehicles, private cars, buses, and two-wheelers. However, the current ratio of charging stations to electric vehicles (EVs) is far from satisfactory, hindering the widespread adoption of electric vehicles.
To support the surge in EVs, India would require a total of 39 lakh public and semi-public charging stations by 2030, with a ratio of one station per 20 vehicles. However, the present ratio stands at approximately one charging station per 135 EVs, significantly trailing behind the global average of one station per 6 to 20 EVs.
Recognizing the urgent need to address this situation, both the central government and individual states are taking measures to encourage private players to expand the charging network. The Tamil Nadu government recently introduced policy reforms to accelerate EV adoption and charging infrastructure development. The Tamil Nadu Electricity Regulatory Commission revised rates for EV charging stations, reducing peak hour charges and fixed costs for connections. Similar initiatives have been undertaken by other states, such as Kerala, where equipment subsidies are provided for the establishment of private sector DC fast charging stations.
In addition to the limited number of charging stations, the time required to charge an EV is also a concern. A typical DC fast charger takes around 1 to 2 hours for a full charge. Currently, charge point operators have the freedom to set charging rates, with an average cost of around Rs 20 per kilowatt-hour. For example, charging a Tata Nexon car, which requires approximately 25 kilowatt-hours for a full charge, would cost around Rs 500-600.
The disparity in charging infrastructure across states is another challenge. While Maharashtra, Delhi, and Karnataka are leading the way with a significant number of charging stations, states like Uttar Pradesh, despite having a high number of EV registrations, lag behind in charging infrastructure. This geographical divide highlights the need for a more balanced approach to charging infrastructure development across the country.
To bridge the infrastructure gap, governments should encourage consumers to charge their vehicles during daytime, particularly when solar energy generation is at its peak. Offering attractive tariffs during solar hours, as seen in Tamil Nadu, can incentivize consumers to utilize renewable energy for charging. Workplaces can also play a role by providing charging stations as employee benefits, while regulatory processes should be streamlined to simplify the establishment of charging infrastructure.
Despite the efforts made by the government and private players, there are challenges that need to be addressed. These include the need for a single window clearance mechanism, obtaining multiple no-objection certificates from various departments, resistance from residents’ welfare associations, lack of awareness about charging infrastructure benefits, and finding suitable land for charging stations.
Overcoming these hurdles and accelerating the development of robust charging infrastructure is crucial for realizing India’s vision of widespread electric vehicle adoption. By prioritizing the expansion of charging stations, streamlining regulations, and promoting renewable energy integration, India can create an ecosystem that supports the transition to electric mobility and contributes to a greener future.